Assignment 3 Bus 642 Essay - 1021 Words

Allyssa Fox Assignment 3 BUS 642 Chapter 12 – Discussion Questions (Making Research Decisions) # 5 a Yes—Depends—No: One problem would be that â€Å"depends† is very vague and doesn’t give reasons as to why someone would pick â€Å"no† at some point and â€Å"yes† at another. A way to make this better would be to add a â€Å"please describe† line or change the wording all together. There is no way to express dont know or undecided. b Excellent—Good—Fair—Poor: One problem with this would be that it may not have as valid a measure as say an 8 point scale, â€Å"as the number of scale points increases, the reliability of the measure increases. Second, in some studies, scales with 11 points may produce more valid results than 3-, 5-, or 7-point scales†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦2. Define the distinctions between primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in a secondary search. A primary source is one that uses a valid original work suc h as raw data and is the most valid type of data. Secondary sources interpret the data and research from a primary source, an example of this would be a textbook or news article. A tertiary source is one that presents and interprets data that has been found from secondary sources. 3. What problems of secondary data quality must researchers face? How can they deal with them? One of the biggest problems with secondary data is the fact that the information being citied is an interpretation of the original data. The best way to avoid a misinterpretation of the data is to look for the original or primary source that is referenced in the secondary source and directly quote or use the data from that. This will eliminate the chance of having misinterpreted data put into an important project and it will lend you an additional source. Researchers should evaluate and select information sources based on the 5 factors. Read the case study, State Farm: Dangerous Intersections. Answer discussion questions 1 through 5. 1. Identify the various constructs and concepts involved in the study. To answer this question we must define what a concept and construct is, â€Å"an image or idea specifically invented for a given research and/or theory-building purpose† (Cooper and Schindler, 2011). AShow MoreRelatedEssay about Bus 642 Week 3 Assignment809 Words   |  4 PagesSecondary- would be evaluating the outcome of the primary, getting feedback from people who have used to the product in order to better the product. Teritary – would include the decisions made in order to alter or fix the product or otherwise mass produce. 3. Secondary data quality will provide information to researchers of what you can alter or change in order to make the product function better after first time use of a product. State Farm article, 1-5 1. 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Market Potential for Packaged Water Industry in India Free Essays

Market Demand and Market Potential in Packaged Water Industry in India Packaged water or Bottled water industry, colloquially called, the mineral water industry, is a symbol of new life style emerging in India. Use of mineral water has gradually increased in India due so widespread shortage of pure hygienic potable water. While a large segment of the population is struggling to get access to potable water supply, a new generation – especially in the urban areas – is getting accustomed to bottled water. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Potential for Packaged Water Industry in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Drinking water supplies in many parts of India are intermittent. Transmission and distribution networks for water are generally old and badly maintained, and as a result, are deteriorating. India is one of the biggest and most attractive water markets in the world. It is considered the 10th largest packaged water consumer country in the world. The boom time for Indian bottled water industry is to continue- more so because the economics are sound, the bottom line is fat and the Indian government hardly cares for what happens to the nation’s water resources. Corporate control over water and water distribution in India is growing rapidly from being confined to the uppermost echelons of society, packaged water has now become a commonplace commodity and almost a necessity in metros. After witnessing historic growth in recent years, it has become a Rs 3,000-Crore industry, one that is slated to only post healthy growth rates to become a Rs 10,000-crore business in a short span of time. The market in India has grown tremendously over past decade and is said to have a humongous growth rate of 38% per annum as against an international growth rate of 7. %. Market experts observe that there are more than 1800 water brands in India, of which are most are local or regional brands which are often classified as unorganized sector. The key brands in the organised sector include Bisleri (Parle), Kinley (Coca-Cola), Oxyrich (Manikchand), Aquafina (Pepsi Foods), etc. In this industry it is popularly said DEMAND OF WATER WOULD NEVER GO DOWN†¦ WATER WOULD NEVER BE OUT OF BUSINESS While the single largest share in the mineral water market might still belong to an Indian brand — Parle’s $52 million (Rs. . 5 billion) Bisleri brand has a 40 percent share — multi-national corporations are not far behind. It has been a pioneer in launching the concept of packaged drinking water in India. It has been so popular with the masses that even today most of the people refer to mineral or packaged water as ‘Bisleri’. Nestle and Danone are vying to purchase Bisleri, and Pepsi’s Aquafina and Coke’s Kinley brands have been extremely successful in edging out many of the small and medium players to buy-outs and exclusive licensing deals. In less than two years since its launch, Aquafina has cornered 11 percent of the market and Kinley has almost a third of the market. News reports indicate that other MNCs like Unilever are also eying the market. Today packaged water is the fastest growing industry in the beverage sector. Western region of India – the largest market The western region, that is Maharashtra, Gujarat and Goa, accounts for a large chunk of around 35-40% of the overall domestic market. Key players in the western region such as the Manikchand Group, Coca-Cola India, Amul India, are keenly contemplating organic and inorganic growth strategies, launch of new brands, venturing into newer segments and so on. Companies in the region are using a combination of various strategies to tap business opportunities such as tie-ups with cinema halls, retail outlets, hotels, hospitals, super markets, institutions and other distribution channels, which abound in the western region of the country. Managing logistics is at the core for the success of bottled water manufacturers. Indeed, groups like Amul India are deliberating using its existing retail network to market and distribute its bottled water. This region is also poised to make a notable contribution to the great Indian bottled water growth story in terms of taking lead in launching water variants and newer sub-segments like mineral water, spring water, flavored water and so on. Here also Biseri has emerged as a market leader. Further Scope of Growth in the Industry As the purchasing power and health and hygiene consciousness of Indian consumers improves, the consumption per person is likely to grow exponentially. Not surprisingly, the market is estimated to reach the Rs 5,000 crore mark by 2010. Going a step further, more optimistic market experts anticipate a 20 fold leap from the current market size within the next 10-12 years. Apart from increasing affluence among domestic consumers, exports would provide a further trigger to the industry. Exports of natural water, particularly to US and Europe, would drive growth for domestic players. As per industry forecasts, the demand for potable water is expected to exceed supply by 2020. Not surprisingly, given the lucrative western market and robust growth prospects, many large Indian corporate houses and multinational companies are interested in acquiring strong Indian brands. The acquisition of Mount Everest Mineral Water by the Tata group is testimony to this trend under which Tata Tea plans to leverage its existing overseas network to distribute natural water, the world over. Also with the increasing international tourism demand for hygienically packaged water is expected to grow manifolds especially with the Commonwealth Games in October 2010. Thus despite recording exceptional growth rate in past, packaged water industry has a huge growth potential in terms of market size. There are still rural and semi rural areas to capture. With 19% share of the unorganized sector low priced segments are still left un captured. How to cite Market Potential for Packaged Water Industry in India, Essays

Cancer Biology Experimental Design Report-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write an Cancer Biology Experimental Design Report. Answer: Introduction: The appearance of characteristic morphological features, and the occurrence of specific energy dependant biochemical mechanisms which indicate towards the process of programmed cell death, are referred to as apoptosis. It is responsible for a number of biological functions such as normal cell turnover, appropriate development of the immune system, development of embryo, hormonal atrophy, and chemically induced cell death (Elmore 2007). This process also helps in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and forms normal part of growth and development events. Also, appropriate apoptosis involves differential and appropriate response of the different types of cells to physiological and pathological stimuli. However, any disturbance in the homeostatic equilibrium could either result in unwarranted cellular proliferation or atrophy characterized with faster cellular death (Hejmadi 2009). Therefore, the dysfunction of the homeostatic pathways, often leads to terminal proliferation and differentiation of cells, resulting in cancer. The development and progression of cancers have often been attributed to the suppressed apoptotic mechanisms during carcinogenesis. The tumour cells either acquire resistance to apoptotic pathways by the means of anti-apoptotic proteins, or evade the immune surveillance (Fulda 2009). For example, the uncontrolled expression of Bcl-2 gene results in failure of cell death, contributing to cancer. However, apoptosis also presents therapeutic opportunities for cancer. The comprehension and analysis of the cell cycle signalling pathways could help identify the possible mechanism of cell cycle which could be exploited for arresting or controlling the cell cycle and apoptotic mechanisms (Gerl Vaux 2005). The table below shows the features of cells undergoing apoptosis. Morphological features Biochemical features Physiological significance Blebbing of membranes Chromatin aggregation in nuclear membrane Initial stages involve cytoplasmic shrinkage and nuclear condensation Later stages involve cellular fragmentation Pore formation in mitochondria resulting in leakage Tightly regulated stepwise activation of enzymatic processes Energy dependent processes involving uptake of ATP Mono and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation in a non-random fashion Release of multiple factors such as cytochrome c, AIF into mitochondrial cytoplasm Activation of caspase cascade Altering membrane symmetry Absent inflammatory responses Phagocytosis by either macrophages or adjacent cells Affect individual cells Induced by physiological stimuli Table 1: Characteristics of cells undergoing apoptosis (Source: UCCS, 2017) Experiments: Identification of transformed cells: MTT assay Rationale: For the purpose of screening of the transformed cells, over expressing the BKLY protein, the cell based MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)assay is proposed. MTT is positively charged and has the ability to penetrate the eukaryotic cells. The viable cells exhibiting active metabolic activity possess the capability to convert MTT into purple colored formazan compound, having maximum absorbance near 570nm. On the other hand when the cells no longer remain viable they lose the capability to convert MTT into formazan. MTT is regarded to have the capability to measure mitochondrial activity as MTT cleavage occurs in the living cells only by the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (Hughes Mehmet 2003). Control: To examine whether BKLY has any effect on apoptosis of the cells we would need to compare the data from positive, negative and blank controls with the experimental cells. The negative control will be consist of untreated cells, positive control will consist of the cells treated with cytotoxic chemical, and blank will contain no cells. The control and experimental cell lines will be maintained under similar conditions of temperature and incubation time periods. Conclusion: If the BKLY protein is involved in the apoptotic process then differences in metabolic activity of the apoptotic cells which have taken up the plasmids will help in identification of the transfected cells. The change in colour from yellow water soluble tetrazolium MTT to purpled colored insoluble formazan will help in identifying the non-viable cells, indicating towards transfection with BKLY gene. Identification of cells showing protein expression: Annexin V staining assay Rationale: In order to detect the cells expressing the protein, the immunohistochemical technique using Annexin V is suggested. Annexin V is a calcium dependent, phospholipid binding protein, which has the capability to serve as an excellent tool for detecting the ongoing process of apoptosis in cells. The process of apoptosis involves translocation of phosphatidylserinefrom inner leaflet to outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. The integrity of the phosphatidylserine exposed membrane is thus breached. The calcium dependant binding of Annexin V with the breached membrane is further tested using vital dyes such as Propidium Iodide. These dyes can penetrate the membrane only when the membrane integrity is breached. However, it must be noted that Annexin V shows preferable binding tendencies with apoptotic cells even in condition of excess necrosis. Hence, it is crucial to use combination of Annexin V assay with Propidium Idodie, a DNA marker. This further allows monitoring the progress ion of different stages of apoptosis. The staining procedures follow fluorescence microscopy (Petrovsky et al. 2003). Controls: To examine whether BKLY has any effect on apoptosis of the cells we would need to compare the data from positive, negative and blank controls with the experimental cells. The negative control will be consist of untreated cells, positive control will consist of the cells treated with Annexin V, and blank will contain no cells. The control and experimental cell lines will be maintained under similar conditions of temperature and incubation time periods. Conclusion: The untreated and treated cell lines when observed under fluorescence microscope help identify the cells expressing the protein. The treated cell lines will show increase in population of cells undergoing apoptosis, identified by increasing membrane permeability. Identification of nature of apoptotic properties: Flow Cytometry Rationale: For the purpose of identifying the apoptotic properties of the protein, the method of flow cytometry is proposed. Flow cytometry helps in successful quantification of apoptosis, besides distinguishing the apoptotic cells from non-apoptotic ones. The microscopic particles suspended in the fluid stream are counted, examined, and sorted, by means of DNA staining. The apoptotic cells which have been stained using a fluorescent dye, when passes through the single wavelength light beam, scatter light up to some extent. The forward scatter versus side scattering of the light helps distinguish between the apoptotic and non-apoptotic cells. The identification of the immunophenotype of the cell is facilitated by the altered morphology of the plasma membrane of apoptotic cells. The phosphatidylserine is present on the outer membrane in the apoptotic cells, which would be detected by Annexin V. Propidium Iodide would act as the DNA specific fluorochrome, helping differentiate between necrotic and apoptotic cells. However, the technique could prove to be time consuming (Archana et al. 2013). Controls: The proposed experiment would involve three controls. Control 1 will consist of the unstained cells, Control 2 will consist of those stained with Annexin V only, and Control 3 will be stained using PI only. Thereby allowing the differentiation between healthy (unstained), apoptotic (positive for Annexin), and necrotic cells (positive for both Annexin and PI) respectively. This will allow the researcher to draw accurate conclusions by forming basis of comparison and analysis of the experimental cells. Conclusions: The apoptotic cells would appear as having hypo-diploid structure of DNA contents, and will be represented in sub-G1 peaks on the histograms. The decreased staining ability of fluorochrome with respect to the apoptotic DNA is attributed to the endonuclease activity of apoptotic cells resulting in extraction of low molecular weight DNA. References: Archana, M., Yogesh, T.L. Kumaraswamy, K.L., 2013. Various methods available for detection of apoptotic cells- A review. Indian journal of cancer, 50(3), p.274. Elmore, S., 2007. Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death. Toxicol Pathol., 35(4), pp.495516. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19003982. Fulda, S., 2009. Tumor resistance to apoptosis. Int J Cancer., 124(3), pp.511515. Gerl, R. Vaux, D.L., 2005. Apoptosis in the development and treatment of cancer. Carcinogenesis, 26(2), pp.263270. Hejmadi, M., 2009. Introduction to cancer biology, Bookboon. Hughes, D. Mehmet, H., 2003. Cell Proliferation and apoptosis, Garland science. Petrovsky, A. et al., 2003. Near-infrared fluorescent imaging of tumor apoptosis. Cancer Res, 63, pp.193642. UCCS, 2017. Differences between necrosis and apoptosis. Apoptosis, Cell Death, and Cell Proliferation Manual, p.4. Available at: https://www.uccs.edu/Documents/rmelamed/apoptosis_003_004.pdf [Accessed February 11, 2018].

Neoclassical poetry vs romantic poetry Essay Example

Neoclassical poetry vs romantic poetry Paper Age of Reason/the enlightenment 1660-1770 Reason good Passion bad Neoclassical Neoclassical Nature is defined as human nature Neoclassical Tradition is good and honored Neoclassical Society is more important than the individual Neoclassical Urban is the setting for most literature Neoclassical Intellect, reason seen as key to good Neoclassical Public is the focus Neoclassical Logical, stable, solid Neoclassical Aristocratic Neoclassical Cultivated, formal, social Neoclassical Conformist Neoclassical Constraint Neoclassical Formal diction Romanticism 1792-1840 Romantic Passion good reason bad Romantic Nature is woods, trees, oceans Romantic Experiment good tradition bad Romantic Individual is more important than society Romantic Rural is setting for most literature Romantic Imagination and emotion Romantic Private, subjective becomes the focus Romantic Mysterious, supernatural, bizarre Romantic The common people Romantic Primitive is focus Romantic Independent, rebellious spirit Romantic Spontaneity becomes the norm Romantic Natural diction, slang, dialects Epigram Neoclassical Formal essay Neoclassical History book Neoclassical Rhyming couplet Neoclassical Discipline and law Neoclassical Oligarchy Neoclassical Conservatives and tradition Neoclassical Conservatives Neoclassical Even tempered and reserved Neoclassical Formal portraits Neoclassical Stately houses Neoclassical Versailles gardens Neoclassical Zoos Neoclassical Neoclassical Reality is absolute Authority Neoclassical Distance and external structure Neoclassical Planned and deliberate form Neoclassical Lyrical poem Romantic Mythological story Romantic Ode Romantic Supernatural tale Romantic Democracy, freedom, liberty Romantic Revolution Romantic Liberals Romantic Melancholic Romantic Outspoken Romantic Jungles Romantic Landscapes Romantic Rock gardens Romantic Wild outdoors Romantic Romantic The self determines reality Romantic Individual man Romantic Closeness and inner structure Spontaneous content Romantic Neoclassical Learn through studying the ancients Neoclassical Emphasis on light, the past, knowledge, proper form of beauty Neoclassical Stylized language Neoclassical Status quo Romantic Emotions lead to insight and understanding Romantic Learn through experience and contemplation Romantic Worship of night, emphasis of medieval, the unknown, beauty undefined Romantic Language of real men Romantic Political and rebellious reform Romantic Reference for self

Camels Adaptations to Extreme Environments Essays

Camels Adaptations to Extreme Environments Essays Camels Adaptations to Extreme Environments Paper Camels Adaptations to Extreme Environments Paper Easel as adapting to very dry notations, Organisms in a desert ecosystem have also adapted to hot temperatures. The temperatures range from as high as ICC during the day to as low as below freezing during the night due to lack of cloud cover. Evolution: As wrote by Long Savage (1986) in the late Eocene period and to the end of Miocene, camels evolved and diversified solely in North America. During this time they were similar in size to rabbits, and their feet contained four toes. In Oligocene times, camels were similar in size to goats, with the lost of the lateral toes, with the remaining digits showing signs of evolution. During the Miocene time, camels adapted a new of walking it is know as pacing gait. This is where the camel moved both left or both right legs in one movement, instead of opposite legs. During this time camels feet produced pad like structures, which helped them from sinking in soft terrain I. E sand. Then they arrived in South America during the Polio-Pipestone times. This is where they diversified into 2 more genus under Camellias family of the more known species, llama and alpaca, and 2 less known, guano and vicuà ±a. As this happened, they crossed into the Old World, where they then spread across Europe, Asia and Africa, this is where they branched out into the single humped Camels Dromedaries, and double humped Camels Bacterias. Characteristics of Camels Dromedaries: An animal that has adapted well to this environment is the Camels Dromedaries. Wilson (1984) as cited by K ¶heel-Rollovers (1 991 ) describes the features of the camels body. Dromedary camels have a shoulder height of at least 1. Mm, with the hump extending a further CACM. They can weights upwards Of keg. Dromedary camels have a long upward curved neck, with a single hump on its back. This is all supported by their long, strong legs and did webbed feet. Body Temperature / Water Conservation: In the desert temperatures fluctuate. On average, a dehydrated camels body temperature fluctuates by up to ICC in a single day, it can increase from an average of 34-36 to ICC. There is less of a fluctuation if the camel is hydrated (ICC). If camels did not tolerate this fluctuation in temperature and instead tried to keep the body cool, up to 5 liters of water could be lost due to sweating. This allows the camel to concerns water and energy. The camel then takes advantage of the cool evenings to dissipate heat, with no energy cost. Camels, like all other mammals do sweat to maintain an acceptable temperature, however, it is not continuous. (Mares, 1999). Composition of Camels Hump: Mares (1999), reports that a common misconception associated with camels is that their hump is composed of Water, this has been disproved, and instead replaced with the fact this it is fat. Another common misconception associated with a camels hump is that water is produced by the oxidation of fat. This is has been proven to be false, or at least, partially untrue as the oxidation of fat requires an increased oxygen intake, this results in an increased rate of breathing, which increases the amount of water lost as vapor from the lungs. This nullifies the effect of the metabolize fat, yielding no net gain in water. As previously discussed, camels have adapted to keep their bodies cool, without sacrificing water. Another adaptation that is seen with camels is that their main fat store is their hump. A camel does not store fat on other parts of their body. This is because the fat would act as insulation and reduce the amount Of heat lost at night, at a time when the temperature is cooler, and most heat dissipation occurs. Excretion in Camels: Richards (1973) as cited by Masks-Magenta (1981) explores the fact that camels are able to produce urine that contains twice as much salt as sea water. It was noted by Masks-Magenta (1 981 ) that the Kidney is composed of Henley loops of varying lengths. Camels are seen to contain a lot of longer loops than any other species, so there is a bigger potential for water to be reabsorbed, and the urine becoming concentrated. This coincides with the camels ability to facilitate water and plants with a salt content higher than normal. Schmidt-Nielsen (1964) as cited by Masks-Muggers (1981) marred the volume Of urine excreted by the camel while hydrated and while dehydrated. The camel while hydrated, excreted up to 4 liters of urine in a single day, compared to the when it was dehydrated, where it excreted up to half a liter of urine. It was also noted that the camel produced faces, almost completely absent of water. It was composed of a large number of pellets approximately CM in length. As they lacked water, they were light to lift, with a shiny appearance. Conclusion: Camels like animals in other extreme environments have adapted well to suit their environment of temperature fluctuations and a lack of water. Camels have evolved in such a way that moving has been made easier, they do not sink into the sand, so they do not expend more energy than is needed. The camels adaptation to a large fluctuation in body temperature allows water to be conserved as it is not lost as sweat. The camels hump proves as an invaluable energy source when food sources are scarce, as is common in desert ecosystems, the fat is metabolize and used as energy. Its all these adaptations that allows the camel to live in such an extreme environment. The absence Of one or more of these adaptations would lead to the inability of camels to survive in this environment. In this day and age global warming is increasing the average temperature of the earths atmosphere, if there was a significant increase, could these organism handle an increased temperature fluctuation?

GETTING THE BIGGEST BANG FOR YOUR BOOK-TOUR BUCK

GETTING THE BIGGEST BANG FOR YOUR BOOK-TOUR BUCK My short-story collection, QUIET AMERICANS, was published Some of this has depended on the assistance of generous friends and family in my destination locations. For instance, I’ve been lucky that these kindly connections respond to my promises of everlasting gratitude if they host book parties for me. (So far, my book and I have been the guests of honor in three cities.) But I’ve done more than drop vigorous hints to people predisposed to respond favorably to them. Consider my trip to Washington for a writers’ conference. I didn’t stop with the two panels and one book-signing that were scheduled for the conference site. One of the stories in my book is inspired More recently, after my application to participate in the Virginia Festival of the Book was accepted, and I learned exactly where and when my festival panel would take place,I tried to think creatively of ways I might meet still more readers in Charlottesville, a place where I didnt know a soul. An article in THE WRITER magazine introduced me to WriterHouse, Charlottesville’s thriving writing center. A few emails and one phone conversation later, I had a contract to teach a freelancing seminar there during my stay. Then, since my book features Jewish themes and characters even beyond the story inspired Of course, much of this success depends on the goodwill of others. But without thinking more broadly about opportunities that might cluster in each location, and without doing some initial research and outreach, none of it can happen. I’ve done it. You can, too. RESOURCES (primarily U.S.-based) Writing Conferences Centers: Literary Festivals: Museum Associations

Success of Capitalism through Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Success of Capitalism through Mass Media - Essay Example The word ‘capitalism’ appears to have its origin in long-distance trade in the past where ships went to different islands in search of pepper or spices, with the expectation that those making the movement of the goods would benefit from the scarcity of goods in one place and abundance in another place. Since the ships need to travel and there were costs to the goods and transporting same, revenues above costs or profits from the price of sold goods were expected in return (Fulcher, 2004). However, there are also risks in not being able to recover the cost due to other factors that may come into the picture (Fulcher, 2004). Â  Capitalism may have evolved in magnitude from the old times but it is essentially referring to an economic order where there is private property ownership. It could be considered as a consequence of democracy because of the nature of political and economic rights given to individuals. Along with private ownership, the market or the law of supply and demand must be allowed to operate which entails assigning a price to each of the factors of production including land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship (Slavin, 1996). Â  The term capitalism is distinguished from communism where the means of production is owned by the state. In the capitalistic system, the market forces of supply and demand dictate what gets produced and how much it gets produced. In communism, the government as planning agency dictates what gets produced and how much it gets produced (Slavin, 1996). Capitalism is also compared to socialism as an alternative economic order. Socialism is closely related to communism since both concepts entail massive government or state intervention in terms substantial degree of government planning instead allowing market forces to function freely (Slavin, 1996).